Challenges and Opportunities for Healthcare Workers in Rural Communities of Western North Ghana Toward Strategic Policy Direction on Retention

The retention of healthcare professionals in rural communities remains a critical
issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe workforce shortages
continue to hinder progress toward universal health coverage (UHC) and sustainable
healthcare delivery. Ghana, like many other low- and middle-income countries
(LMICs), faces persistent challenges in ensuring an equitable distribution of
healthcare workers, especially in rural and underserved regions. This study
investigates the challenges and opportunities that influence healthcare worker
retention in the Western North region of Ghana, with a focus on key factors such as
medical equipment availability, social amenities, family support, financial
incentives, and multiple income sources. In addition, the study examines the
moderating effects of cost of living and travel time on healthcare worker retention.
A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a structured survey
administered to 400 healthcare professionals across various healthcare facilities in
rural communities. Findings indicate that early promotions, salary advances, and
community recognition significantly enhance healthcare worker retention. However,
financial incentives and workplace conditions emerged as the most critical
determinants, particularly among younger and lower-income professionals.
Furthermore, the study identifies cost of living and travel time as significant
moderating factors affecting the relationship between equipment availability and
retention, highlighting the need for economic and logistical interventions. To
address these challenges, the study recommends evidence-based policy
interventions aimed at improving workplace conditions, expanding financial
incentives, and enhancing rural infrastructure. These insights offer practical
strategies to bolster workforce stability, ensuring sustained healthcare service
delivery in underserved regions and contributing to Ghana’s long-term health sector
goals.